He received a PhD from the University of London, UK. He then undertook post-doctoral research in the Department of Medicine, Royal Postgraduate Medical School in London. He then went on to undertake research at the Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine and the Institute of Neurological Science, University of Texas, USA. He has more than 30 years of experience in the counselling/psychotherapy space and is a member of the following organizations: Whilst he was in the USA he explored various east-west philosophies, approaches to holistic health and psychotherapy. He subsequently developed an integrative systems-based focus on the underlying bases of psychological processes and behaviours. Over the past 30 years, he has been studying the biological basis of behaviour, and the effect of stress upon the development of psychological trauma. He also looks at evidence-based connection between stress, anxiety, inflammation, depression, and trauma-related behaviour.